Tissue Oxygenation Changes After Transfusion and Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Secondary Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of the Transfusion of Prematures Randomized Clinical Trial (TOP NIRS) This study investigates the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions on preterm infants, focusing on tissue oxygen saturation responses. Conducted as a subset of the Transfusion of Prematures (TOP)…
Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Alcohol use disorder impacts over 28.3 million individuals in the U.S., leading to increased health risks. This study compares the effectiveness of different therapies for alcohol use disorder, aiming to provide insights into the most beneficial treatments. The analysis includes data from 118 clinical trials…
Revising the global biogeography of annual and perennial plants This study on plant life cycles reveals surprising data: annual plants, thought to be common, make up only 6% of plant species. These plants thrive in hot, dry regions, and their prevalence is influenced by specific climate factors. Alarmingly, climate change and human disruption are favoring…
Glioma synapses recruit mechanisms of adaptive plasticity Research reveals that the nervous system plays a significant role in cancer regulation, particularly in gliomas, a type of brain cancer. Neuronal activity influences tumor progression through specific signaling factors. In gliomas, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes synaptic plasticity, similar to healthy brain functions. Malignant synapses in…
Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth’s basal mantle anomalies Seismic images of Earth’s interior have uncovered large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), enigmatic regions in the lower mantle. Researchers propose that these LLVPs might be remnants of Theia, a celestial body that collided with Earth, creating the Moon. Simulations suggest Theia’s mantle material integrated into Earth,…
Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation Researchers have developed an innovative injectable tissue prosthesis made of a soft hydrogel combined with gold nanoparticles, allowing instantaneous bidirectional electrical conduction within the neuromuscular system. Unlike previous patch-type devices, this injectable prosthesis conforms to rough, narrow, or deep tissue surfaces. Tested in rats with severe muscle injury,…
Moved to Poverty? A Legacy of the Apartheid Experiment in South Africa This study investigates the effects of the forced relocation of Black people to homelands during the South African apartheid era in the 1960s and 1970s. The research reveals that moving to these homelands during childhood significantly reduces educational attainment, labor earnings, and employment…
Public and Private Options in Practice: The Military Health System Recent debates on healthcare reform, including in military and veterans’ healthcare, have focused on public versus private provision of services. This study uses unique data on childbirth claims in the Military Health System (MHS) to compare the impact of receiving obstetrical care on military bases…
Age Discrimination across the Business Cycle Two separate analyses were conducted to examine whether age discrimination becomes more prevalent during economic recessions. The first analysis, using confidential EEOC data, found that during periods of higher unemployment, there was a 3.3% increase in age-related firing charges and a 1.6% increase in age-related hiring charges. The second…
Inhaled Amikacin to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia This clinical trial investigated whether inhaled amikacin, an antibiotic, could reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation for at least 3 days. The study included 847 patients who received either inhaled amikacin or a placebo for 3 days. Results showed that inhaled amikacin…
